Smart Contract Languages

Solidity

argotorg/solidity

Popular

Statically typed, contract-oriented language for the EVM; the dominant smart contract language by far.

Vyper

vyperlang/vyper

Pythonic EVM language focused on auditability and security; used by Curve, Lido and Yearn.

Move

move-book.com

Rising

Resource-oriented language from Diem whose type system prevents asset duplication; powers Sui and Aptos.

Cairo

starkware-libs/cairo

Rust-like language for writing provable programs and Starknet contracts that compile to STARK proofs.

Arbitrum Stylus

OffchainLabs/stylus-sdk-rs

Rising

SDK for writing Arbitrum contracts in Rust (or C/C++) compiled to WASM, running alongside the EVM at lower gas.

Aiken

aiken-lang/aiken

Modern functional language and toolchain for Cardano validators; the most-used alternative to Plutus.

Rust

rust-lang/rust

Trending

Memory-safe systems language without a GC; most admired for a decade and spreading into kernels and tooling.