Side-by-side comparison

Microsoft's fast, memory-efficient gradient boosting framework using histogram-based tree learning.

Dominant deep learning framework for research and production; the foundation of nearly all modern LLM work.

Standard Python library for classical ML: classification, regression, clustering, pipelines and metrics.

Composable transformations (grad, jit, vmap) of NumPy programs on GPU/TPU; powers Google DeepMind research.