Side-by-side comparison

Python-based, plugin-driven smart contract framework from ApeWorX; the successor to Brownie for Python devs.

Rust-based Solidity toolkit (forge, cast, anvil, chisel) with fast tests and fuzzing; the default for new EVM projects.

TypeScript-first EVM development environment; Hardhat 3 adds a Rust runtime, Solidity tests and multichain support.

Standard framework for Solana programs with account validation macros, IDL generation and TS clients.